Britain was able to become a global power by the 1700s becasue it was suitably positioned to control trade. Europe was also industrializing and was generally winning in European conflicts. Free trade with Scotland and Ireland created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers.
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A parliamentary system or parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a person distinct from the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system, where the head of state often is also the head of government and, most importantly, where the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.
The Franco-Prussian War (1870) was a conflict between the Second French Empire and Third French Republic, and the states of North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. It resulted in a German victory and it was a key part of the wars of Unification of Germany made specifically to building an integrated nation state from the former Empire. This ultimately set the precedents for Nazi Germany and World War II.