Answer:
Option 3. cohesion transpiration is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Plants release water through transpiration while cohesion is responsible for moving more water throughout the xylem. When the water evaporate through the stomata, more water is pulled from roots into stem and eventually reach the leaf this process is called transpiration-cohesion theory. (More explanation in attached Picture)
The muscles that contract (during cold or fright), the slanted hair follicle is pulled upright, dimpling the skin surface with goosebumps are called arrector pili muscle.
The arrector pili muscle are tiny muscle that attaches to the base of the hair follicle at one end and to the dermal tissue on the other end. When the body feels cold or fright the body generate heat and the arrector pili muscle contract all at once, that causes goosebumps on the skin.
The arrector pili muscle acts as the thermoregulator. Straight stand hair increases air trapping, so that the heat loss from the body decreases. The arrector pili muscle are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.
To learn more about sympathetic nervous system here
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