When colonists boycotted British goods under the Stamp Act, they b) refused to participated in buying stamps. Many times tax collectors were intimidating by the colonists who were protesting, and effectively were not able to collect the tax. Most states were revolted and sent petitions to Great Britain in protest of this tax imposed on the colonies.
The Harlem Renaissance took place at a time when European and white American writers and artists were particularly interested in African American artistic production, in part because of their interest in the “primitive.”<span>Modernist primitivism was a multifaceted phenomenon partly inspired by Freudian psychology, but it tended to extol so-called </span>“primitive”<span> peoples as enjoying a more direct and authentic relationship to the natural world and to simple human feeling than so-called </span>“over-civilized”<span> whites. They therefore were presumed by some to hold the key to the renovation of the arts. Early in the twentieth century, European avant-garde artists including Pablo Picasso (1881</span>–1974) had been inspired in part by African masks to break from earlier representational styles toward abstraction in painting and sculpture. The prestige of these revolutionary experiments caused African American intellectuals to look on African artistic traditions with new appreciation and to imagine new forms of self-representation, a desire reinforced by rising interest in black history. Black History Week, now Black History Month, was first celebrated in 1928 at the instigation of the historian Carter G. Woodson (1875–<span>1950).</span>
Just prior to James Madison's assumption of office, Congress passed the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which replaced Jefferson's failed embargo. It allowed the resumption of world trade with the exclusion of trade with England and France, thus barring French and British vessels from American ports.
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