A variation of the acetamidomalonate synthesis can be used to synthesize serine. The process involves the following steps: Ethox
ide ion deprotonates diethyl acetamidomalonate, forming enolate anion 1; Enolate anion 1 makes a nucleophilic attack on formaldehyde, forming tetrahedral intermediate 2; Protonation of the oxyanion forms alcohol 3; Acid hydrolysis yields dicarboxyamino alcohol 4; Decarboxylation leads to the final amino acid. Write out the mechanism on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw the structure of dicarboxyamino alcohol 4.
1 answer:
Answer:
See detailed mechanism in the image attached
Explanation:
The mechanism shown in detail below is the synthesis of serine in steps.
The first step is the attack of the ethoxide ion base on the diethyl acetamidomalonate substrate giving the enolate and formaldehyde.
The second step is the protonation of the oxyanion from (1) above to form an alcohol as shown.
Acid hydrolysis of the alcohol formed in (3) above yields a tetrahedral intermediate, a dicarboxyamino alcohol.
Decarboxylation of this dicarboxyamino alcohol yields serine, the final product as shown in the image attached.
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<u>Answer:</u>
<u>For 1:</u> Neutralization reaction
<u>For 2: </u>Zinc is more reactive than lead and less reactive than calcium.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- <u>For (1):</u>
When a base reacts with an acid to form a salt and water molecule, it is known as a neutralization reaction. The general equation follows:
The chemical equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide and nitric acid follows:
- <u>For (2):</u>
A single displacement reaction is defined as the reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. The general chemical equation follows:
where,
Metal A is more reactive than metal B
The reactivity of metals is judged by the reactivity series where a metal lying above in the series is more reactive than the metal lying below it.
From the reactivity series below,
Zinc lies above in the series than lead thus is more reactive and will easily replace lead from its aqueous solution.
While zinc lies below in the series than calcium thus is less reactive and will not easily replace calcium from its aqueous solution.
