Direct effects, as the name suggests, while not manipulated or communicated by a third party, deal with the direct influence of one entity on another. Indirect effects can be described as the influence, mediated or passed on by a third, of one organism or species on another.
Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that can be found everywhere in the environment. Viruses are microorganisms that can only reproduce within the cells of a host organism.
The differences between viruses and bacteria include;
- Viruses do not have any cell and are considered between living and non-living things, while bacteria have one cell (Unicellular) and are living organisms.
- Viruses are smaller in size (20-400 nm) when compared with bacteria (1000 nm).
- Viruses do not have a cell wall but a protein coat is present, while bacteria have a cell wall that is composed of peptidoglycan.
- Viruses require a living cell to reproduce, while bacteria can reproduce by itself.
- The DNA or RNA of viruses is enclosed inside a coat of protein, while that of bacteria floats freely in the cytoplasm within the cell.
Based on the data provided, we can conclude that the graph in question corresponds to the K-selected theory in regards to the human species.
When considering the data of certain species and grouping them into categories such as extinct, endangered, or K/r-selected we take into account factors such as:
- Population size
- Behavior
- Carrying capacity
- Reproduction rates
and so on, then classify each species accordingly.
Species that are Extinct are no longer on the earth. This classification refers to species of the past and does not include humans as of yet. The endangered category is reserved for species whose population sizes are <u>at a critical low and are near </u><u>extinction</u>, which is also not the case for humans.
The K-selected and r-selected theories consider reproduction rates and carrying capacity as well when grouping species. Species that produce few offspring at a time are often found in this group. This category also refers to species whose offspring have a high chance of survival into maturity and whose population size is near the limit of the environment. All of this follows the data given and is the classification for the human species.
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Answer:
1.Continuous diffusion of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic neurons , <u>which leads to continuous reversal of charges (hyperpolarization) and therefore continuous firing of action potential</u>
2. Inhibition of hydrolytic enzymes e.g (acetycholinesterase) that metabolize activities of cholinergic neurotransmitters e,g acetycholine at post synaptic cleft. leading to firing of action potential.
Explanation:
Neuron whose dendrites transmits action potential to the neuromuscular junction is called presynaptic neuron. While neuron that transmit action potential away from the neuronal synaptic junction, or from the neuromuscular junction to the cell body of adjacent neuron or to effectors (gland and muscles) are called post synaptic neuron.
The more negatively charged ions that diffused into the post synsptic neuron, the more depolarization, and the greater the frequency of action potential produced
The inhibition of activities of hydrolytic enzyme which metabolize cholinergic neurotransmitter leads to continuous excitatory activities of cholinergic neurotransmitters on the receptors at the postsynaptic neuron, and the more action potential
