Answer:
Lipid soluble hormones:
Lipid soluble hormones are hydrophobic in nature and contains hydrophobic signals. Their receptors are present inside the nucleus and some are limited to cytosol as well. The binding of the receptor to its ligand stimulates the synthesis of new protein. The binding of hormone response element binds to the enhancer region of DNA. Example: steroid hormones and thyroid hormones.
Water soluble hormones:
Water soluble hormones are hydrophilic in nature and contains hydrophilic signals. Their receptors are present on the cell membrane . The binding of the receptor to its ligand stimulates the signaling cascades mechanism. The binding of hormone to its receptor results in the activation of protein kinase and secondary messenger.
Of the possible types of relationships - parasitism is the only one which doesn't really represent a symbiotic type of a relationship. All of the other ones here (mutualism, commensalism and competitive exclusion) are some form of symbiotic relationship.
A mutation in human ATPase 6 from leucine to
arginine at position 156 may allow the movements of protons across the
membrane, but not rotating of the ring of c subunits.
This possible mechanism affect the function of
ATP synthase because there would be an uncoupling of proton translocation and ATP
synthesis. ATP synthase would remain sensitive to F0 proton conduction
inhibitors
