Outbreak of diseases may cause by pathogens such as such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. On the cell surface of these organisms proteins are present called antigens. On entering the antigen in the body, the immune system produce antibodies against antigen. It is better to test for disease antigens in sudden outbreaks because these antigens confirms the origin of the outbreak before the pathogen get destroyed by antibodies.
<span>nerve cells need b 12 for proper functioning</span>
The enter through the Cell Membrane
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3. In elastic deformation, the deformed body returns to its original shape and size after the stresses are gone. In ductile deformation, there is a permanent change in the shape and size but no fracturing occurs. In brittle deformation, the body fractures after the strength is above the limit.
4. Normal faults are faults where the hanging wall moves in a downward force based on the footwall; they are formed from tensional stresses and the stretching of the crust. Reverse faults are the opposite and the hanging wall moves in an upward force based on the footwall; they are formed by compressional stresses and the contraction of the crust. Thrust faults are low-angle reverse faults where the hanging wall moves in an upward force based on the footwall; they are formed in the same way as reverse faults. Last, Strike-slip faults are faults where the movement is parallel to the crust of the fault; they are caused by an immense shear stress.
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