All the factors listed, that is population density, temperature, carrying capacity, rainfall and sunlight all effect the living conditions of organisms in a biome as well as the type of species that will be found there.
The physical process that tend to change earth geological area and composition would be the plate tectonics.
Hope this helps out
In parasitism, one organism harms another organism (the host). An example would be fleas living in cats/dogs; they feed on their blood.
Therefore the answer is A is harmed, and B is helped.
In order for gas to leave a planet it needs to be hot enough and to overcome the planets gravity. The outer planets are colder and are very big compared to earth.
