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Viruses reproduce within the living cells of the host and use the cellular machinery to synthesize their own genome and other components. To gain entry into cells, they have developed a variety of mechanisms to introduce their genes and proteins into host cells.
Answer:
Balanced
Explanation:
Both forces add up to 380N.
Thermoreceptor ensory receptors would most likely have been damaged by the burn.Pain receptors (officially called nociceptors) receptors were responsible for alerting your brain to the burn.
Nociceptors are nerve endings located all over your body. They’re found on your skin, muscles, internal organs, and more. Their job is to detect any damage done to your body and to report it to your brain by sending a message.Signals from skin thermoreceptors are relayed via separate but parallel neural pathways from cold and warm sensors whose sensory nerve endings in the skin have cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia that project to neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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Answer:
The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by <u>ion electrochemical gradients</u>.
Explanation:
An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.