To represent this operation as circles, we first graph what's in the parenthesis, which represents two circles with two circles each, that will give us the blur circle with 4 elements.
Then, each blue circle must be reproduced for times, because the expression 2x2 is multiplied by 4, giving as a result 16 circles in total. 4 groups containing 2 groups of 2 circles each.
<em>The image is attached, it shows the graphic result.</em>
In hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis represents the claim that is being tested. According to the claim in this question, the true (population) mean is "incorrect," or not equal to ("") the proposed value of . Hence, the alternative hypothesis for this question would be .
On the other hand, the null hypothesis represents what happens when that claim is disproved; it should always use the equal sign ("".) In this question, that's the same as saying that the (population) mean is indeed equal to . Hence, the null hypothesis for this question would be: .