Answer: Botulinum toxin
Toxins are non-living
biological and chemical agents produced by living microorganisms from animals
and plants that can cause harm to humans, plants and animals. An example of
toxin is botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium, which is a
neurotoxic protein that prevents the release of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and causes
flaccid paralysis.
Moreover, toxin are more
closely related to chemical warfare agents that can only affect those who are
exposed to the agent and that they are not considered as transmissible disease.
The oceans, lower atmosphere, and continents are parts of the biosphere.
The biosphere is composed of the parts of planet Earth where life exists and it is the total of all the ecosystems. The biosphere along with lithosphere (rock), hydrosphere (water) and atmosphere (air) are the four layers that surround the earth. The biosphere covers a wide area from the deepest root systems of trees, to rainforest, to the ocean depth and high mountaintops. The biosphere contains living organisms and nonliving things from which they obtain energy and nutrients.
Answer:
because it is moving Na+ against its concentration gradient
