Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
Yes, i woudnt advise it. there is a reason people don't take steroids
A primary reason for needing a new vaccine for influenza each year is that there could be mutation of surface proteins leading to a new outbreak
<h3>What is antigenic drift?</h3>
Antigenic drift is a phenomenon that causes small changes or mutations in the genes of influenza viruses leading to changes in their surface proteins of the virus, which are HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase).
For this reason, new influenza vaccines are produced yearly to alter the effects that may emerge as a result.
Thus, a primary reason for needing a new vaccine for influenza each year is that there could be mutation of surface proteins leading to a new outbreak
Learn more about influenza here:
brainly.com/question/12975693
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Answer:
Anterior Compartment syndrome is related to big tibialis anterior muscle that from by swelling and bleeding. It can be acute or chronic. Muscle become bigger if more time passes.
Explanation:
It can be caused by trauma. Based on symptoms such as; pain, it can be diagnose. Its only treatment is surgery. By muscle compartment cutting, it allow muscle to swell, blood pressure decrease.
