The soil that occurs in regions with extreme wet and dry seasons is known as "black soil."
Black soil:
- Chernozem is another name for black soil.
- It is largely composed of humus, phosphoric acid, phosphorus, and ammonia.
- Exceptionally small or clay-like particles constitute black soils.
- Deep gaps form during warmer weather, resulting in appropriate aeration.
Black soil characteristics include:
- It is extremely fertile and has a clay-like texture.
- At 25°C, the pH of black soil ranges from 7.2 to 8.5.
- The soil has high levels of potash, calcium, and magnesium but low levels of nitrate and phosphate.
- It is often soft when damp but hardens as it dries.
Know more about Soil at: brainly.com/question/19696600
Islam gained momentum during the 10th century in West Africa with the start of the Almoravid dynasty movement on the Senegal River and as rulers and kings embraced Islam. Islam then spread slowly in much of the continent through trade and preaching. During this period these Muslims from North and West Africa came to be known by Europeans at large as Moors and were depicted by Europeans as black, swarthy or tawny in skin color.
According to Arab oral tradition, Islam first came to Africa with Muslim refugees fleeing persecution in the Arab peninsula. This was followed by a military invasion, some seven years after the death of the prophet Mohammed in 639, under the command of the Muslim Arab General, Amr ibn al-Asi.
Answer: The major problem in Mumbai is the growth of squatter settlements known in India as SLUMS. These slums come with many issues for people including the lack of planned access to clean water and sanitation systems, poor health, lack of education, unemployment and the prospect of crime.
Challenging Conditions in the slums:
1. Lack of sanitation is the major issue.
2. Lack of access to clean water.
3. Lack of legal rights.
4. Poor Health.
5. Unemployment and Poor Quality Work.
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