Explanation:
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II. cells reproduce through the process of mitosis
IV. new cells are produced by existing cells.
So II and IV
Answer:
Lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that is found in an intestinal villus.
Explanation:
Lacteal is a type of lympathic capillary and the main function of the structure is to absorb fats that are in the intestinal villi.
The triglycerides which are hydrolyzed by lipase enzyme passes from the lumen of intestine into the enterocytes and re esterified and forms triglycerides.
Lacteal is a part of lymphatic capillary which absorbs and transport those materials that are directly enter through blood stream.
Answer:
C. The basic effect of the cholera toxin is signal amplification.
Explanation:
Cholera toxin can cause its symptoms by amplifying the signals responsible for intestinal electrolyte transport through the following process:
The toxin binds to a membrane ganglioside (a phospholipid with carbohydrate residues) in the secretory cells in the small intestine. After that, a toxin subunit penetrates the cell, causing permanent activation of a G protein.
G protein activates adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cAMP (A type of secondary messenger, important in signal transduction in cells), responsible for activating protein kinases.
Proteins undergo phosphorylation, this process amplifies chloride ions (Cl⁻) secretion.
The flow of negatively charged chloride ions out of the cell causes positively charged sodium ions to follow them in the flow.
Then water follows the electrolytes to the lumen of the small intestine by osmosis, resulting in severe diarrhea.
The instrument of choice would be the the clam shell sampler, which is also know as a grab sampler. Another instrument they use is the piston corer which is an open tube on a cable that gets dropped from a ship.