The movement in recent American history that the quoted support is: Reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
The emission from fossil fuels is proven to increase the toxicity to the environment which makes it more acidic than it should be. Right now, many companies started to develop free emission technology such as electric cars or Solar technology.
Answer;
One scientific belief held by both Rene Descartes and Isaac Newton is that the reasoned thought is the way to discover truth.
Explanation;
Rene Descartes used deductive reasoning, deducing a conclusion from a set of premises, to determine the nature of the universe, that was contrary to other great thinkers of the time who used scientific observation.
Sir Isaac Newton; specialized in uniting experimental and theoretical elements of modern science.
This kind of depends on which emperor but probably D since C and A are situational