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Shalnov [3]
3 years ago
7

Similarities between vertebrates and invertebrates

Biology
1 answer:
DIA [1.3K]3 years ago
8 0
Well some similarities are that vertebrates have no back bone but on the other hand the <span>invertebrates have no backbone</span>
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Ms. S, a 78-year-old black female, is brought to the emergency room by her son who reports that she has been vomiting violently
lawyer [7]

Answer:

1. Severe dehydration

2. Investigations required will include serum urea, electrolytes and creatinine (U/E/Cr), full blood count and differentials, urinalysis, urine microscopy, culture and sensitivity, renal ultrasound, random blood glucose.

3. Deranged U/E/Cr that is urea, creatinine and sodium are elevated which indicate kidney injury. There is proteinuria, haematuria, positive nitrate and leucouria points towards UTI. The WBC is high which indicate infection.

5. She is likely to have prerenal AKI

6. The concern is that she is not regular on her antihypertensive medication, and hypertension can cause renal impairment ( hypertensive nephropathy). There is need for dialysis if there is markedly elevated E/U/Cr or renal impairment was very severe.

Explanation:

Acute kidney injury is when there is sudden and often reversible loss of renal function which develops over days or weeks and is usually accompanied by a reduction in urine output.

There are many causes of AKI, which are classified as prerenal, renal and post renal. In prerenal AKI, the kidneys gets damaged as a result of hypoperfusion leading to acute tubular necrsosis. Common examples are severe dehydration( like in this patient from vomiting), cardiac failure, sepsis, blood loss etc. Renal AKI is usually cause by direct insult to the kidneys which can result from drugs, toxins, inflammatory conditions etc. Post renal AKI occurs when there is obstruction to urine flow at any point from the tubule to the urethra e.g in BPH, stones, strictures etc.

In Prerenal AKI, it leads to acute tubular necrosis. Histologically, the kidney show inflammatory changes, focal breaks in the tubular basement membrane and interstitial oedema.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD) refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which develops over a period of years.initially, it is manifestation only as biochemical abnormality but eventually, loss of the excretory, metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidneys leads to clinical symptoms and signs of renal failure.

7 0
3 years ago
What prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium​
irina1246 [14]

The Mitral valve which is also known as left atrioventricular prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium.

Explanation:

  • Human heart is four chambered.
  • Two of these are receiving chambers known as atria and the other two are distributing chamber known as Ventricles.
  • Atria are superior chambers and ventricles are inferior chambers.
  • The heart has four valves broadly grouped as Atrioventricular valves and Semi lunar valves.
  • Atrioventricular valves allows flow of blood from atria to ventricle. These are tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve.
  • Semi-lunar valves allow blood to pass out of the heart. These include the pulmonary and aortic valves.
  • The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from right ventricle  to the heart while aortic valve allows blood to flow from left ventricle to the Aorta.
  • The Tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle allows blood to flow from right atrium to the right ventricle.
  • The Bicuspid valve ( Mitral valve)  located between the left atrium and left ventricle allows the blood flow from left atria to left ventricle.
  • Valves maintain the unidirectional flow of blood and thus prevent its back flow.
6 0
3 years ago
What should animals with radial symmetry be better able to do than those with bilateral symmetry?
stealth61 [152]

Answer: They should be able to have access and deal with food distributed homogeneously in 360 degreea

Explanation:

This is because radially symmetrical animals meet their environment equally from every sides or angle e.g sessile while Bilateral symmetrical animals can move actively in only horizontal direction, so that they can eat. E.g Arthropods

7 0
3 years ago
Escherichia coli has a doubling time of 30 minutes. If a culture has 10 E. coli cells at the beginning of log phase, how many E.
Nat2105 [25]

80 E. coli cells will be in the culture after two hours.

<h3>What is culture?</h3>

The development of the human, plant, or animal cells in a lab, as well as microorganisms like bacteria and yeast. Cell cultures can be used for research, medication testing, and infection diagnosis.

Primary (mortal) cultures and cultures of established (immortal) cell lines are the two main categories of cultures.

One of the most crucial methods in cellular and molecular biology is cell culture because it offers a platform for studying the biology, biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, and other aspects of both healthy and diseased cells.

A culture of 10 E. coli cells.

Incubation time = 2 hours = 120min

Doubling time = 30min (120/30 = 4)

So, 1 cell - 30min = 2 cells - 30min = 4 cells - 30min = 8 cells - 30min

Therefore, 8 ₓ 10  = 80cells of E. coli at the end of 2 hours of incubation time.

To know more about cell culture refer to:    brainly.com/question/9177917

#SPJ4

6 0
1 year ago
6 and 7 pls and thank you
olganol [36]

Answer:

no entiendo perdon.......................................

5 0
2 years ago
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