Answer:Biological structures are able to adapt their growth to external mechanical stimuli and impacts. For example, when plants are under external loads, such as wind force and self-weight, the overloaded zones are reinforced by local growth acceleration and the unloaded zones stop growing or even shrink. Such phenomena are recorded in the annual rings of trees. Through his observation of the stems of spruce, K. Metzger, a German forester and author, realized that the final goal of the adaptive growth exhibited by biological structures over time is to achieve uniform stress distribution within them. He published his discovery in 1893.12 A team of scientists at Karlsruhe Research Centre adopted Metzger's observations and developed them to one single design rule: the axiom of uniform stress. The methods derived from this rule are simple and brutally successful like nature itself. An excellent account of the uniform-stress axiom and the optimization methods derived from it is given by Claus Mattheck in his book ‘Design in Nature’.13 The present study utilizes one of these methods, stress-induced material transformation (SMT), to optimize the cavity shape of dental restorations.
Explanation:
Answer: elastic fibers
Explanation:
Elastic fibres are the essential durable component present in mammalian connective tissueand functions to provide proper pulmonary, cardiovascular and intestinal system structure and function. Their structural function is to provide elastic recoil and resilience for the tissues.
Elastin fibers ahve two main including microfibrils and elastin containing fibrillin play a mechanical and structural role in the arteries, and their important function is to provide the tissues with resilience and elasticity.
Hence, elastic fibers helps arteries to adapt to changes in blood pressures that accompany the heartbeat.
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.
Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov
Structure of DNA polymerase
The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.
Answer:
I think is D because I had this question
