Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.
- Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.
Basic elements:
- Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
- Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
- Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
- Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)
Monomer constituents:
- Nucleic acids: nucleotides
- Proteins: amino acids
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol
Functions:
- Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
- Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
- Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
- Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes
Examples:
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
- Proteins: lactase; collagen
- Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
- Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol
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Impact of the use of fossil fuels during the industrial revolution was it made possible a huge increase in the amount of productive energy available to humans.
The development of machines, including steam engines and the internal combustion engine, made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels, specifically coal and oil. The fossil fuels revolution greatly increased the energy available to human societies during industrial revolution.
Contrary to this fossil fuel have some disadvantages like when fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, causing global warming.
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Inheritance is the process by which traits are passed from the parents to their offspring. The basic unit of inheritance in human is the DNA. For traits to be passed from the parent to the offspring, the DNA in the cell must be duplicated and this happens through the process of cellular reproduction.
The biological species concept is the most widely accepted species concept. It defines species in terms of interbreeding.
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