Facilities, factories, and production lines with very large equipment are all classified as installations.
What is production?
Production is the process of combining different immaterial inputs (plans, knowledge) with material inputs to create something that is intended for consumption (output). It is the process of producing an outcome, a good as well as service that has value and enhances people's utility. Production theory, a branch of economics that focuses on production, is entwined with consumption (or consumer) economic theory. Utilizing the initial inputs productively leads to the production process and the output (or factors of production). Land, labour, as well as capital are regarded as the three primary production factors and are referred to as primary producer products or services. Both the output process and the final product do not significantly change these essential inputs or turn them into integral parts of the final product.
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Answer:
The incomplete part of the question is "Using a cap-and-trade system of tradable emission allowances will eliminate half of the sulfur dioxide pollution at a cost of $1 million per year. If the permits are not tradable, what will be the cost of eliminating half of the pollution? If permits cannot be traded, then the cost of the pollution reduction will be $1 million per year." The full question is attched as picture as well
1) Tradable permit system
Then lower MAC firm will abate the all pollution units
Then as MAC1 = $250, MAC2 = $275
Firm 1 = Consolidated electric
Firm 2 = Commonwealth utility
Then 1 will sell all permits to 2, at a price between $250 & $275.
So total cost of abatement of 20 units = MAC1 * 20
= $250 * 20 Unit
= $5,000
2) Non-tradable permits
Total cost = MC1*10 + MC2*10
= $2,500 + $2,750
= $5,250
Answer: The free- rider problem
Explanation:
The free-rider problem is one off the type of economical issue that cause the market failure problem due to the unsystematic distributing of the various types of goods resources and also the services.
This type of problem is basically occur due to the overuse or degradation of the products and the resources.
According to the given question, the free rider problem is one of the example that best illustrating the given scenario. The main cause of the free rider problem is due to the unequal use of the resources and also the public goods without paying for their particular share.
Therefore, The free-rider problem is the correct answer.
Answer:
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. Domestic consumers benefit from import substitution as they do not have to face strong competition from foreign competitors and can sell their goods at a higher price. So for example manufacturers in USA sell a battery from $10 but consumers from USA have the option to import that battery at $7 from China the US manufacturers wont be able to compete as Chinese companies have lower cost of production therefore they can sell cheaper and in order to protect the local manufacturers the government may use an ISI strategy to help the local manufacturers. On the other hand consumers are harmed from this strategy as they cannot buy the cheaper product because of change in government strategy. So consumers who were buying the battery at $7 not have to buy it at $10.
Explanation:
Answer: <em>Option (d) is the correct answer.</em>
Ben view the investment by government as a way to jump start a weak economy, i.e. investment by government will allow industries to hire new employees or workforce in order to meet production demand. Thereby increasing government spending through investing in construction of road and bridge, Ben assumes that the state will intervene in market to help revive a weak economy.
