Northeast - Described as a liberal bubble, high levels of education and taxation, gets bitterly cold, highly diverse, significant levels of income inequality, best schools and hospitals Landmarks: Plymouth Rock, Harvard University, Statue of Liberty
Midwest - some parts wheat belt, farming, big areas undeveloped, prairie, but others very urbanized, number of great cities w high concentration of African Americans (although not nearly as large as South), melting pot of Protestantism and Calvinism and very suspicious of authority, factories, liberal leaning with a susceptibility for populism Landmarks: Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame, Gateway Arch, Henry Ford Museum, Mount Rushmore
South - Hot, humid, lots of retired people, large populations of conservatives (with the exception of a number of large urban areas), tendency towards voter suppression tactics, welcoming and hospitable as long as you're not foreign looking, great varieties of fried food and excellent Mexican options, farming, oil, cows Landmarks: Fort Sumter, Selma Bridge, The Alamo
West - major agriculture and livestock grazing, volatile weather/ climate (in some areas incredibly dry, with tornadoes, frequent droughts, etc; in others heaviest rainfall and snowfall in US), highly diverse and heavily influenced by elements of Asian, Latino, and Native American cultures, tech centers, varying rural and highly concentrated urban areas, Mormons, cowboy culture Landmarks: The Golden Gate Bridge, Las Vegas Strip, The Space Needle, Old Faithful
The IV x PV factorial is a tyoe of factorial design which tend to include both an experimental independent variable (IV) and a nonexperimental participant variable (PV).
In the case sited the researcher used both IV and PV to get his result.
the answer is: The neutral stimulus causes no response.
Without being paired by any situation, neutral stimulus would not mean anything to the subjects. Because of this , the subjects would normally just ignore the neutral stimulus every time they face it.
But, when the neutral stimulus is paired with a certain situation (such as ringing a bell before giving foods to dogs), the dogs will associate the neutral stimulus with the positive reinforcement. To the point where the neutral stimulus transformed into a conditioned stimulus, which make the dogs'mouth to start watering every time they hear the bell.
