Highly reactive atoms or molecules that can cause damage to cells are called free radicals.
<span>Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron (electron in outermost shell). Because of that, free radicals are very unstable and they react quickly with other substances in order to make up the number of electrons in their outer shell. Free radicals may be generated in many different ways such as redox reactions, ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges..</span>
<span>Oxidative stress is a process which happens within the body and it is caused by oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress can damage cells, leading to a range of diseases and cause aging.</span>
"Animal cells<span> each </span>have<span> a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas </span>plant cells do<span> not.</span>Plant cells have<span> a </span>cell<span> wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas </span>animal cells do<span> not."
Source: </span>www.livescience.com/32016-niels-bohr<span>-atomic-theory.html</span>
Answer:
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that are released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic junctions and act locally to control nerve cell functions.
•Imbalance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin,norepinephrine and dopamine have been linked with depression.
•Abnormal levels of neurotransmitter glutamate leads to changes in the level of Dopamine which can cause transition into psychosis.Dopamine has been implicated as possible cause of schizophrenia.
•Several transmitters are involved in analgesia system (pain suppression),especially involved are enkephalin and serotonin. When Serotonin are released and this causes local cord neurons ti secrete enkephalin,which is believed to cause both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of pain fibres.
•Parkinson's disease also known as paralysis agitans results from widespread destruction of that portion of substantia nigra that sends dopamine-secreting nerve fibres to caudate nucleus and putamen this leads to decrease in dopamine.
•Acetylcholine is responsible brain arousal and muscle contraction.
Answer:
This question lacks options, options are:
A.Carrying capacity will increase B.Carrying capacity will decrease C.Carrying capacity will remain unchanged. The correct answer is B.
Explanation:
Ecologists define 'carrying capacity' as the population of a certain species that a defined habitat can support indefinitely, without permanently damaging the ecosystem on which they are dependent,that is, the ecological carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum growth limit of a biological population that the environment can support in a given period, without negative effects on that population or on the environment.
A, D, and not sure but maybe E
