Many elements in the third row and beyond in the periodic table may form more than four bonds and thus appear to have "expanded
octets." phosphorus and sulfur, for example, may form five and six covalent bonds. count up the total number of valence electrons in pcl5 and draw its lewis structure. how many valence electrons are "counted" toward the central p atom?
1 answer:
See the sketch attached for a Lewis cross-and-dot structure of PCl₅.
The central P atom ends up with ten valence electrons.
<h3>Explanation</h3>Unlike P, Cl does not form expanded octets. Each Cl atom in PCl₅ will share one electron with a P atom. Each will form one P-Cl covalent bond and end up with a typical octet of eight electrons. Six of the eight electrons come from three non-bonding pairs (a.k.a. "lone pairs").
P is found in IUPAC group 15 of a modern periodic table. A neutral P atom has five valence electrons. Each of them goes to a P-Cl bond in PCl₅. The central P atom will end up forming five P-Cl bonds. That will gives the atom a total of ten valence electrons. That is two electrons more than a typical octet- hence the name "expanded octet".
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Answer:
<u>The molecular formula of the gas sample =
</u>
<u>Lewis structure is shown in the image below.</u>
<u>The geometry around each carbon atom is linear.</u>
Explanation:
Given that:
Temperature = 294.0 K
V = 10.0 mL = 0.01 L ( 1 mL = 0.001 L )
Pressure = 1.10 atm
Using ideal gas equation as:
where,
P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
T is the temperature
R is Gas constant having value = 0.0821 L atm/ K mol
Applying the equation as:
1.10 atm × 0.01 L = n ×0.0821 L atm/ K mol × 294.0 K
⇒n = 0.0004557 mol
Given, mass = 0.04328 g
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
Thus,
<u>Molar mass of the gas sample = 94.9747 g/mol</u>
Given that:-
% of C = 25.305
Molar mass of C = 12.0107 g/mol
% moles of C = 25.305 / 12.0107 = 2.1069
% of Cl = 74.695
Molar mass of Cl = 35.453 g/mol
% moles of Cl = 74.695 / 35.453 = 2.1069
Taking the simplest ratio for C and Cl as:
2.1069 : 2.1069 = 1 : 1
<u>The empirical formula is = </u>
Molecular formulas is the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound while empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound.
Thus,
Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass
Where, n is any positive number from 1, 2, 3...
Mass from the Empirical formula = 12 + 35.5 = 47.5 g/mol
Molar mass = 94.9747 g/mol
So,
Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass
94.9747 = n × 47.5
⇒ n = 2
<u>The molecular formula of the gas sample =
</u>
Also,
Valence electrons of carbon = 4
Valence electrons of Chlorine = 7
The total number of the valence electrons = 4*2 + 7*2 = 22
The Lewis structure is drawn in such a way that the octet of each atom in the molecule is complete. So,
The Lewis structure is shown in the image below.
According to the theory, the atoms will form a geometry in such a way that there is minimum repulsion and maximum stability. The carbon atoms are sp hybridized.
<u>So, it is of linear shape.</u>
