Answer:
Cancer cells such as Hela cells escape to normal cell cycle by mutations that lead to the misexpression and/or overexpression of regulatory molecules (e.g., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and faulty checkpoint control of the cell cycle
Explanation:
The term cell cycle refers to the mechanism of DNA replication and cell division, which involves a series of sequential steps. The control of the cell cycle depends on 1-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that regulate the cell cycle by a cascade of protein phosphorylations and 2- a group of checkpoint controls that monitor the completion of critical cellular events. HeLa is an immortalized cell line derived from cervical cancer cells. These cells (HeLa) contain 76 to 80 total chromosomes (instead of the 46 chromosomes that contain normal-diploid body cells), some of which are heavily mutated. These mutations can affect CDKs that control the cell cycle as well as checkpoint-control mechanisms (for example, those resulting from DNA damage), thereby cells do not enter programmed cell death (apoptosis) and proliferate uncontrollably.
Here, Cross: = WW × ww
Here, W(white) is dominant over w(yellow).
Offspring: Ww , Ww, Ww, Ww
1) Genotypes: Ww , Ww, Ww, Ww
2) Phenotypes: They all will be "White"
3) Genotypic ratio = WW:Ww:ww = 0 : 1 : 0
4) Phenotypic ratio = White : Yellow = 1 : 0
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Name of the process : phosphorylation.
Explanation:
This process is known as phosphorylation. Glucose can be converted into Glucose-6-phosphate by the addition of the phosphate group from ATP. ATP serves as the biological energy company, releasing energy for both anabolic and catabolic processes and being recharged by energy generated from other catabolic reactions
The connective tissues and the epithelial tissue differ in their structure in the way their cells are organized. The cell of the epithelial tissue are organized in a closed-packed pattern, while the cells of connective tissue are organized in spread out pattern. Moreover, the connective tissues has blood vessels, but the epithelial tissue does not.
The epithelial tissues serve the purpose of protection. Protective layering is formed by the epithelial tissues in the body. The connective tissue such as bone provides support to the body. The blood vessel connectivity helps in the transfer of the newly formed blood cells.
The appearance of a person is determined by the tissues and other components. The skeletal determines the basic structure of the person. The epithelial tissues give more specificity to the figure of a person. The fats helps in determining the shape of the eyes and cheeks.
The fat in the cheeks is supposed to help the new born infants to suckle and chew. Moreover, it provides padding to the temporalis muscle while chewing. The fat behind the eyes helps in preventing damage to the eyes which may be caused if they rub with the bones of the skull.
It will be hard to open and close one's mouth if the temporalis muscle of a person is damaged. This will make forming words properly difficult. The damage to orbicularis oculi will make the blinking extremely difficult. The facial expressions will be distorted in such cases. The damage to the orbicularis oris will make the movement of the mouth difficult, which will cause poor articulation.
Answer: Nematoda
Explanation: The Dracunculus medinensis is a parasite that is often referred to as a roundworm. The answer Nematoda is correct because is is the phylum that classifies roundworms and is greek for "roundworms"
