Which one of the following discoveries involving DNA happened first?

1 answer:

7 0

A. Hershey and Chase used bacteriophages to confirm that DNA was the genetic material in genes.

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, the process of protein synthesis in living organisms follows the order: DNA →RNA→ Protein.Information for synthesis of a particular protein is copied (transcribed) from DNA onto mRNA in a process called transcription, in the cell nucleus.mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome. tRNA (transfer RNA) begins to decode (translate) the information on the attached mRNA in a process called translation and fetches amino acids corresponding to this information from the pool of free amino acids in the cytoplasm, and brings them to the ribosome where they are joined together into a chain and thus the protein is formed.

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How did Claire’s digestion reaction rates tell you that the problem was in her small intestine, and not her stomach?

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Absorption of the nutrients will not happen.

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Claire’s digestion reaction rates tell you that the problem was in her small intestine, and not her stomach because the intestine is responsible for the absorption of most of the nutrients produced from eating and drinking of food substances. If the absorption of the nutrients will not happen by the intestine, the whole homeostasis or equilibrium of the body disturbs and no growth of the cell occurs.

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A, B, C, D and E are pathogens of different diseases for human beings. The route of entry of pathogens in human body is differen

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Microorganisms which causes diseases is known as pathogen.

Explanation:

PATHOGEN -: Pathogens are agents that live in a host and are responsible for causing infections or diseases in that host, such as a human being. Microorganisms such as bacteria , viruses , fungi or protozoa, or other organisms such as parasites, worms and even contagious proteins such as prions, may be pathogens.

Viruses: Viruses are micro-organisms that are composed of nucleic acid and covered by a protein sheet. A lipid (fatty) outer layer is also present in some viruses. Enveloped viruses are called these. Non-enveloped viruses are considered those that do not have this lipid outer layer. Only inside their host's living cells are viruses able to replicate. EXAMPLE -: Influenza (influenza A and B viruses) and the common cold (rhinovirus) are examples of infections caused by viruses.

Bacteria: These are microorganisms which have a nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a cell wall or membrane. Among bacteria, the composition of the cell wall differs. If they are able to access food and nutrients, they have a more complex structure than viruses and can multiply beyond the host. EXAMPLE -: Foodborne diseases can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections.

Fungi: Fungi are single-celled or multicelled species that can live outside a host. They consume food and nutrients created after digestive enzymes have been secreted into their atmosphere. example-:  The foot of the athlete (Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and yeast infections (Candida albicans) are examples of infections caused by fungi.

Prions: These are infectious agents made up entirely of proteins and capable of transferring to other prion proteins their infectious properties. EXAMPLE -: Extreme infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be caused by prions.

Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled organisms that display habits that are similar to animals, such as the ability to travel through water, and are capable of harvesting other microorganisms. They are able to live outside the human host, but when they enter the human host and spread, causing infections and diseases, they may also be parasitic in nature.  EXAMPLE -: Malaria and giardia include common infections

Yes , pathogen enter into the body directly -: Direct contact infections spread when, through direct physical contact with blood or body fluids, disease-causing microorganisms move from the infected person to the healthy person. Touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with bodily lesions are examples of direct contact.
INCUBATION PERIOD OF A PATHOGEN -:The period of incubation is the interval between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a drug, or radiation, and when the first signs and symptoms are evident.

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