After the G2 phase, the cell goes thru another growth period. The cell will gather energy in order to prep for whats coming: Mitosis. The first phase of mitosis is Prophase. During Prophase, the chromatin fibers condense and shorten to chromosomes that can now be seen with aid from a light microscope. Microtubules also appear and prepare to hold sister chromatic im correct alignment for separation. Metaphase is the second phase. Microtubules align sister chromatids at the exact center of the mitotic spindle aka metaphase plate. The following step is Anaphase. The centromeres split, separating the 2 identical sister chromatids. Once the chromatids are separated, they are called chromosomes. Telophase comes after anaphase. It is the final stage of mitosis. The identical sets of chromosomes are now at opposite sides of the cell. The nuclear envelope now re-forms around each mass of chromosomes, nuclei reappear within each nucleus. After these phases, Cytokenisis occurs. This is the division of the cell's cytoplasm and organelles into 2 cells. A cleavage furrow is formed during Anaphase.
Hi. You have not submitted any images about the microorganism the question refers to. This makes it impossible for me to answer your question. However, I will try to help you as best I can.
Gram stain is a test done to find out whether the bacteria are gram negative or gram positive. In this test, the bacteria are submitted to a certain type of dye and then are observed under a microscope. If the bacteria is gram positive, it will be purple in color. If the bacteria is gram negative, it will be red in color.
This is because after they are subjected to the violet dye, both types of bacteria absorb the color of the dye. However, before being observed under the microscope, the bacteria are washed with alcohol. Alcohol removes the dye from the gram negative bacteria, leaving them reddish. On the other hand, in gram positive bacteria, alcohol dehydrates the cell wall, compressing the pores and making the cell wall impermeable, preventing the dye from being released and, therefore, leaving the bacteria with a purple color.
Answer:
The correct answer is: β1 adrenergic receptor activation. Increased in cAMP lead to increased amounts of Na influx (though if channels) and calcium influx of pacemaker cells. This increases the frequency of APs of the pacemaker and increases the rate of contraction.
Explanation:
cAMP generated in response to β1 adrenergic receptors,results in excitation contraction coupling by initiating PKA and causing phosphorylation of L type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. This increases the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ions in atrial cells, ventricular cells and AV pacemaker cells. This increase in firing rate. As a result rate of contraction increases.
which of these levels of biological organization contains the other three:
C) Body System
