In a biological reaction, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited b
y malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the amount of succinate molecules to those of malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect if malonic acid. Select the correct identification of the molecules described in the reaction. A. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate in the reaction.
B. Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor in the reaction.
C. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate in the reaction.
D. Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product in the reaction.
During citric acid cycle, Acetyl Coenzyme A is completely oxidized in form of CO2 and produce NADH, FADH2 and GTP (ATP)
Succinate is converted to fumarate with the help of succinate dehydrogenase and FADH2 is produced during this step
In the given conditions, if the amount of succinate is increased in comparison to malonic acid then it reduces the effect of malonic acid, therefore malonic acid will not be able to inhibit the conversion of succinate to fumarate and hence succinate will be the substrate and fumarate, the product in the reaction
This movements of chloride ions into the blood plasma to replace the outward diffused bicarbonate ions is called chloride shift, It occurs to restore the blood ionic balance altered by the bicarbonate ions diffusion out into plasma
The same amounts of Chloride ions replaced the lost amount of bicarbonate ions
Hydrogen Bonding. A hydrogen bond is a weak type of force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction which occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons
