The standard is still important (arguably even more important compared to past situation) because due to the development of social media, the flow of information became extremely easy to consume.
Even though this might good for average people, we cannot deny the fact that this could also make it easier for someone who want to intentionally spread misinformation.
Answer:
- The behavior will immediately increase in frequency, but then decrease over time.
Explanation:
As per the given description, the expected consequence(by assuming the teacher's attention being the reinforcer) would be 'the immediate increase in frequency of the behavior followed by a gradual decrease' as the reinforcer(teacher's attention) would first function to stimulate the frequency of such behavior as the student would show more interest in making sounds to get the desired outcome(attention) but eventually his behavior would decrease eventually as the teacher ignores those sounds. Thus, his 'behavior will immediately increase in frequency, but then decrease over time'.
The Industrial Revolution was a changing point for many aspects of human life and the overall standard of living. Agriculture changed as well during this time as technology, such as the seed drill, the Dutch plough, was able to increase human productivity and led there to be higher outputs of food (Johnson).
In assessing the internal validity of an intervention, we try to determine if certain changes cause certain outcomes. It is relevant in studies that try to establish casual relationship. While in observational or descriptive studies, it is not that relevant. It is also possible to have internal validity in a study and not have construct validity. Example, imagine a study where you are looking at the effects of a new computerized tutoring program on math performance in first grade students.
Answer:
In the final scaffold scene, some people do not see the letter "A" on Dimmesdale's chest at all. So, for them, it never existed. For those that did see it, some surmise that Dimmesdale had put it there himself, others that Chillingworth's medicine had somehow caused the "A" to emerge. Others suggested it was God's mark of sin. The most likely theory is that Dimmesdale put it there in order to punish himself. Chillingworth had discovered the "A" there earlier and seemed surprised and it is doubtful that any medicine would mark a person with a specific letter.
