Pseudo vacuoles are not true organelles since they are just air bubbles which do not possess tonoplast and cell sap like real vacuoles. But they do help by increasing buoyancy of cells.
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There are a variety of ways in which bacteria can be harmful, the primary one being direct pathogenesis of humans. Bacteria can infect and damage human tissues through several different mechanisms. Many bacteria secrete toxins, which allow them to kill competitor bacteria and/or damage eukaryotic cells, thus gaining a competitive advantage.
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<span>Mining might disturb the environment on the bottom and kill benthic organisms. Cold water from the deep part of the ocean might be brought to the surface, killing warm-water species.</span>
Cytokinesis is when the cell pinches in 2 towards the end of meiosis and mitosis divisions. The chromsomes aren't as spread out and easy to see as during metaphase.
Meiosis is the whole process of producing gametes and not a stage/phase of division.
Mitosis is the whole process of cell division for growth and repair.
Metaphase is a particular phase in mitosis and meiosis where the chromosomes have been duplicated and are contracted and visible.
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Sharing electrons occurs when atoms have a covalent bond. Covalent bonds occur between non-metals and there are two types of covalent bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent bonds. Polar covalent bonds are when there is an unequal sharing of electrons which causes the atom that occupies the electron(s) more to have a slightly negative charge while the atom that occupies the electron(s) less has a slightly positive charge. Nonpolar covalent bonds basically have equal sharing of the electron(s).
Atoms bond because they need to become stable like the noble gases.
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