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3 years ago

How does the immune system function?

Biology

1 answer:

professor190 [17]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Immune system of the body helps in fighting with the infectious agents that are foreign for the body. So the immune system protects us from infection.

When any foreign substance(antigen) comes in the body B-lymphocyte recognize it by binding the antigen through its receptor. After recognizing the antigen, B cell divides into antibody-producing plasma cell and memory cell.

Antibodies produced by plasma cells help in destroying the antigen by getting the antigen recognized by phagocytic cells or by complement activation.

B cells are antigen-presenting cell which present antigen to T cell and then T cell activates and produce chemicals that kill the antigen. Therefore the immune system has many immune cells that activate when an antigen comes in the body. This is how the immune system functions.

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5. How are mountains classified

Nadusha1986 [10]

A large landform, which rises above the surrounding land in a confined region, generally in the form of a peak is known as the mountain. The classification of mountains into various types is done on the basis of the geologic procedure taking part in their generation. The mountains are classified into four distinct kinds on the basis of the underlying process of formation, that is, the fault-block Mountains, Fold Mountains, Dome Mountains, and the volcanic mountains.

4 0

4 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Consider the following three populations of birds. Assume HW equilibrium. With these birds red coloring is recessive, while brow

bixtya [17]

Answer:

Red allele frequency will be highest in population II

Population III can undergo bottleneck effect

The frequency of the brown allele will least likely be altered in the population I

Explanation:

Population I -

Total population - $670$

Brown birds - $603$

Red birds - $67$

Population II

Total population - $100$

Brown birds - $90$

Red birds - $10$

Population III

Total population - $30$

Brown birds - $27$

Red birds - $3$

Frequency of red birds in population I

$\frac{67}{670} = 0.1$

Frequency of red birds in population II

$\frac{10}{90} = 0.11$

Frequency of red birds in population III

$\frac{3}{30} = 0.1$

Red allele frequency will be highest in population II and it will be equal to $\sqrt{0.11} = 0.33$ as compared to $0.31$ in case of population I and III