<span> They are unable to pass through the plasma membrane and have different methods of action. They attach to their receptors in the target cell surface and influence activity within the cell through cytoplasmic intermediates called second messengers. </span>
<span>The two most important messengers are cAMP and inositol triphosphate. </span>
<span>Cyclic AMP: ATP is converted into cAMP after a series of reactions on the plasma membrane following the attachment of the hormone to the membrane. cAMP relays the signal from the membrane to the metabolic machinery of the cytoplasm. </span>
<span>Inositol Triphosphate: Involves the use of Ca+2 that regulates cellular protein activity.
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Hope this helps !!!^_~!!!
Answer:
Option b oxaloacetate is the right one.
Explanation:
There are major eight steps in TCA cycle. Oxaloacetate plays a pivotal role in <u>first and eight step</u>s of cycle.
Step 1. In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon molecule called citrate.
Step 8. In the last step of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate—the starting four-carbon compound-is regenerated by oxidation of malate. Another molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH in the process.
B- Electron transport chain
The answer would be dominant
Humans can will themselves to eat more, as we know that food comes easy to us.
Animals, on the other hand, top priority is survival, so they usually wouldn't think about eating more because it just "tastes good."
