Answer:
3. Antibody-independent pathways of complement activation rely on complement components that directly bind to microbial surfaces.
Explanation:
There are three pathways of complement activation:
- The classical pathway.
- The alternative pathway.
- The lectin pathway.
The classical pathway is triggered by binding of C1 either to the pathogen surface or to antibody bound to the pathogen.
The alternative pathway is triggered by the spontaneous hydrolysis of soluble C3 to C3(H₂O) and initiates eventual deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces.
The lectin pathway is triggered by the binding of mannose-binding lectin or ficolins to carbohydrate residues in microbial cell walls and capsules.
1. Cyclic
2. Linear
3. Angular
I hope this helps
Answer:
is this an acttual question?
Explanation:
The answer is C because many of the funcions that the family used to serve have been outsourced to other institutions
Answer:
C. The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings
Explanation:
The survival rate of the offspring of the fish species will decrease as a result of the huge number of eggs produced giving rise to overpopulation. Pressure will be on the limited available resources. As a result of this, Intraspecific competition would occur as members of the same fish species would compete for the limited resources.
Interference and exploitation competition are two types of Intraspecific competition that can reduce the population size of the fish species.
For Interference competition, the dominant and stronger members would secure adequate supply of the limited resources to detriment of the weaker and less dominant ones. This leads to the death of those members that are weak to compete successfully, thereby leading to a reduction in population size.
In exploitation competition, it involves all individual members of the fish species sharing the limited resources equally, while none of them gets an adequate amount. With time, a great size of the population decrease would be noticed when compared to that of Interference competition.
