The answer is B)Atmosphere
Answer:
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the non-specific immune response and serves to provide an immediate and general immune response. The adaptive immune responses are the specific immune responses. Adaptive immune responses include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
Cell-mediated immunity includes T cells (cytotoxic and helper T cells) while antibody-mediated immunity includes the production of antibodies from B cells. Binding of antigen to B cells is followed by their transformation into plasma cells and produce antibodies. Some of the activated B cells form memory B cells that are responsible for quicker and strong secondary immune responses.
Answer:
A set of paradigms or views shaped by one's background, culture and education which determine the way an individual or a group evaluate and find solutions to the existing environmental problems.
Explanation:
Environmental value system (EVS) is a view of a subject that transforms the way an individuals or the society thinks, view and evaluate environmental issues.
Their ideas and views is influenced by cultural, economic and socio-political background.
Factors such as education, media and religious doctrines are inputs in ESV that enhance perception.
Information are processed and changes perceptions of the environment by an individual and also changes decisions.
The activity of an Enzyme is affected by its environmental
conditions. Changing these alter the rate of reaction caused
by the enzyme. In nature organisms adjust the conditions of their
enzymes to produce an Optimum rate of reaction where necessary
or they may have enzymes which are adapted to function well in
extreme conditions where they live.
Traits are inherited trough the parents genes that are passed to the offspring trough both parents reproductive cells, that contain genes in their nucleus.
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