Answer:
a. df = 3, chi-square = 1.7333, p value = 7.815
b. we fail to reject null hypothesis
c. it is independent of kernel texture
Explanation:
h0; there is independence
h1; no independence
9:3:3:1 this is the phenotypic ratio
9+3+3+1 = 16
330 red smooth + 97 red wrinkled + 101 yellow smooth + 32 yellow wrinkled
total observed = 560
1. the degree of freedom = n-1
n =4, 4-1 = 3
to get the chi square computation
(O-E)²/E
expected value for red smooth,
9/16 x 560 = 315
chisquare = (330-315)²/315 = 0.7143
expected for red wrinkled
3/16*560 = 105
chisquare = (97-105)²/105 = 0.6095
expected for yellow smooth
3/16*560 = 105
chisquare = (101-105)²/105 = 0.1524
expected for yelow wrinkled
1/16 * 560 = 35
chisquare = (32-35)²/35 = 0.2571
total chisquare = 0.7143+0.6095+0.1524+0.2571
= 1.7333
with probability = 0.05, df = 3, the value of the chi square from x² table = 7.815
1.7333 < 7.815
so we fail to reject the null
c. we conclude that kernel color is independent of kernel texture
