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artcher [175]
3 years ago
10

At the official announcement of completion of the draft human genome (choose all that apply)

Biology
1 answer:
In-s [12.5K]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

  • (B) Two alternative strategies were used to complete the genome - top down and bottom up
  • (C) The public project used a mapping strategy to limit the total sequencing required
  • (D) The Celera group, led by Craig Venter, used a shot gun sequencing strategy

Explanation:

  • As the project was unable to sequence all the DNA that was found in the human cells, the first draft was <u>made in June and complete in the end referred to as a working draft and made on the basis of the final sequencing and mapping of the human genome. </u>
  • The <u>draft included the alternative strategies for the completion of the bottom up and top up of the genome code and has a mapping strategy</u> that limited the total sequencing needs.
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The correct order, from fastest to slowest, for the passage of molecules and ions through the cell membrane is oxygen, sodium ions, glucose (option D).

Explanation:

The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer, with glycoproteins and membrane proteins, which constitutes a semi-permeable barrier to the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

The speed with which a substance can pass through the membrane depends on its chemical properties -hydrophilic substances pass through with greater difficulty than lipophilic ones- requiring in some cases specialized transport mechanisms. The different rates with which a substance passes depends on this.

  • <em>Oxygen (O₂) </em><em>passes through simple diffusion, depending on a concentration gradient. It's the molecule that passes through the membrane the fastest. </em>
  • <em>In second place, there would be the </em><em>Na⁺ ions</em><em> -charged atoms- that cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, through specific ionic channels. </em>
  • <em>The </em><em>glucose</em><em> molecule, being larger, requires the use of transport proteins, being its passage through the membrane slower with respect to oxygen or sodium.</em>

Undoubtedly, molecular weight and affinity for the plasma membrane are determining factors for the passage of molecules through the lipid bilayer.

Learn more:

Simple diffusion and active transport  brainly.com/question/6420224

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