Boiling water is a physical change. This is because the water that is being changed into a gas, and can be changed back. Bohr proposed a theory that helped make the blueprint for the atomic model. Gold is a soft but heavy metal, and reflects light with a green/blue hue. Gold is a shiny yellow to canary yellow in colour, and is often confused with pyrite, or 'fool's gold'. The particles in a solid vibrate in place, and are very close together. When one atom of carbon and two of oxygen meet, the make a bond that in turn creates CO2 or carbon dioxide. I hope I helped. :)
The basics would be that you'd need to find out if they could exchange genetic information. If not, they couldn't be considered part of one species. Set-up 2 artificial environments so both groups would produce pollen at the same time. Fertilise both plants with the other's pollen. Then fertilise the plants with pollen from their own group.
Count the number of offspring each plant produces.
If the plants which were fertilised by the opposite group produce offspring, they are of the same species. You can then take this further if they are of the same species by analysing if there is any difference between the number (and health) of offspring produced by the crossed progeny and by the pure progeny. You'd have to take into account that some of them would want to grow at different times, so a study of the progeny from their first sprout until death (whilst emulating the seasons in your ideal controlled environment). Their success could then be compared to that of the pure-bred individuals.
Make sure to repeat this a few times, or have a number of plants to make sure your results are accurate.
Or if you couldn't do the controlled environment thing, just keep some pollen one year and use it to fertilise the other group.
I'd also put a hypothesis in there somewhere too.
The independent variable would be the number of plants pollinated. The dependant variable would be the number of progeny (offspring) produced.
Cytokinesis is the point at which a cell with duplicated genetic material becomes two daughter cells with identical DNA.
It is practical knowledge in the sense that we know why some parts of the world are inherently risky to live in. Even though volcanic eruptionis, earthquakes and tsunamis are difficult to predict, it makes sense to have building codes and emergency plans that take this into account.
It is science’s response to the beliefs that natural catastrophes (volcanism, earthquakes and tsunamis) are divine punishments for the evil ways of some individuals.
Even if you will never use or apply this knowledge, knowing about the theory of plate tectonics gives you a current scientific perspective on what we know about the natural world.
It is a good example of how scientific theories proceed by trying to fit several observations into a coherent explanation.
Learning about the observations that needed to be made and explained for the theory to win over scientists helps caution you against people who adopt belief systems without questioning the myths told to them, or those who try to profit from ignorance of how nature actually works.
When it is well taught, it should convince you that, like any scientific theory, plate tectonics is a “work in progress”. New discoveries continue to be made, and it takes creative and logical thinking, debate and a quest for more observations in order to determine which ones prove or challenge the current theory and which ones may lead to its refinement.
