Photorespiration limits casualty products of light reactions
that build up in the absence of the Calvin cycle. In many plants,
photorespiration is a problem because on a hot, dry day it can drain as much as
50% of the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle. The closing of stomata reduces access to CO2
and causes O2 to build up. These conditions favor a seemingly not useful process
called photorespiration. In most plants
(C3 plants), initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a three-carbon
compound. In photorespiration, rubisco
adds O2 instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. Photorespiration eats up O2 and
organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar. Photorespiration
can evolve relic because rubisco first evolved at a time when the atmosphere
had far less O2 and more CO2.
E. produced in both male and female humans
LH and FSH are both gonadotropins, meaning they're secreted by the gonads
LH triggers ovulation in females and helps produce testosterone in males.
FSH helps the germ cells (cells that eventually turn into gametes) of both genders mature
Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles.
https://microbiologyonline.org/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/microbes-and-disease
Lots of factors play different kinds of roles on ecosystems.
Ecosystems are never constant because there are so many levels and layers of animals to each one. It's impossible for the headcount of each species to stay the same within an ecosystem when instances such as flooding, drought, poisoning, and hunting can take part.
Let's say the hawk, who is over the bunny on the pyramid, gets poisoned by water. Now, there's fewer hawks, which means there's less predators to hunt the bunnies, hence causing more bunnies and even increasing the chance of overpopulation.
The animals within ecosystems keep each other in check, but numbers are constantly going up and down as things happen. Natural disasters, pollution, and anything such as, effects the ecosystem, therefore it cannot remain constant.
