ALASKA was a Russian colony from 1744 until the USA bought it in 1867 for $7,200,000. It was made a state in 1959. ALASKA was also a "territory" until May 1959. Statehood requires a minimum population.
Hawaii was a kingdom until 1893 and became a republic in 1894. It then ceded itself to the USA in 1898 and became a state in 1959. IMMEDIATELY before Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959, it was a Territory of the US. However, it had been a sovereign constitutional monarchy until 1893, when the last Queen, Lili'uokalani, was deposed by a group of American sugar planters and missionaries, with the support of the US marines.
Rivers, mountain ranges, historical points (railway, a wall, etc.)
Most country borders are divided by geographical points, and sometime just for political and historical reasons (what belonged, and waht should belong to whom).
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Answer:
The arch and the vault. The Romans did not invent but did master both the arch and vault, bringing a new dimension to their buildings that the Greeks did not have. ...
Domes. ...
Concrete. ...
Domestic architecture. ...
Public buildings. ...
The Colosseum. ...
Aqueducts. ...
Triumphal arches.