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ki77a [65]
3 years ago
15

What is the reason you are unable to do basic research on humans?

Medicine
1 answer:
AysviL [449]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Explanation: Researching on humans isn't something you can typically do because there are typically ethical issues with testing on humans.

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Explain how neurons communicate. Include a description of the action potential and how the action potential is converted into a
suter [353]

Answer:

Action potentials and chemical neurotransmitters.

Explanation:

Neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called ‘action potentials’ and chemical neurotransmitters.  At the junction between two neurons (synapse), an action potential causes neuron A to release a chemical neurotransmitter.  The neurotransmitter can either help (excite) or hinder (inhibit) neuron B from firing its own action potential.

In an intact brain, the balance of hundreds of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a neuron determines whether an action potential will result.  Neurons are essentially electrical devices. There are many channels sitting in the cell membrane (the boundary between a cell’s inside and outside) that allow positive or negative ions to flow into and out of the cell.  Normally, the inside of the cell is more negative than the outside; neuroscientists say that the inside is around -70 mV with respect to the outside, or that the cell’s resting membrane potential is -70 mV.

This membrane potential isn’t static. It’s constantly going up and down, depending mostly on the inputs coming from the axons of other neurons. Some inputs make the neuron’s membrane potential become more positive (or less negative, e.g. from -70 mV to -65 mV), and others do the opposite.

These are respectively termed excitatory and inhibitory inputs, as they promote or inhibit the generation of action potentials (the reason some inputs are excitatory and others inhibitory is that different types of neuron release different neurotransmitters; the neurotransmitter used by a neuron determines its effect).

Action potentials are the fundamental units of communication between neurons and occur when the sum total of all of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs makes the neuron’s membrane potential reach around -50 mV (see diagram), a value called the action potential threshold.  Neuroscientists often refer to action potentials as ‘spikes’, or say a neuron has ‘fired a spike’ or ‘spiked’. The term is a reference to the shape of an action potential as recorded using sensitive electrical equipment.

Neurons talk to each other across synapses. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it causes neurotransmitter to be released from the neuron into the synaptic cleft, a 20–40nm gap between the presynaptic axon terminal and the postsynaptic dendrite (often a spine).

After travelling across the synaptic cleft, the transmitter will attach to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic side, and depending on the neurotransmitter released (which is dependent on the type of neuron releasing it), particular positive (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca+) or negative ions (e.g. Cl-) will travel through channels that span the membrane.

Synapses can be thought of as converting an electrical signal (the action potential) into a chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitter release, and then, upon binding of the transmitter to the postsynaptic receptor, switching the signal back again into an electrical form, as charged ions flow into or out of the postsynaptic neuron.

4 0
3 years ago
You are manning a telephone hotline in a city experiencing an outbreak of pandemic flu. You have been given a set of questions t
Nitella [24]

Answer:

what is the question that is being asked here?

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
What causes cardiac arrest
Shalnov [3]

Answer:

Some cardiac arrests occur when a diseased heart's electrical system malfunctions. This malfunction causes an abnormal heart rhythm such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Some cardiac arrests are also caused by extreme slowing of the heart's rhythm.

Explanation:

Hope this helped :)

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What two main differences distinguish medical orders from prescriptions?
andrezito [222]

Answer:

C

Explanation:I asked my dad who's a medical doctor.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Tommy is a greedy eater, and he somehow managed to get a chocolate bean in his windpipe. Now it’s stuck in his right lung. Where
Viefleur [7K]

Answer:

we have to perform the surgery in his right lung by using scalpel and incisions tool.

so it is option B

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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