A team of scientists is working to formulate a drug that can treat children who are diagnosed with gigantism. Gigantism is caused by the excess production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland present in the fore-brain. Growth hormone in turn signals the liver to produce a second harmone, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). The growth hormone and IGF-1 together tell the cells in the muscles, bones and skin to increase their number. Hence the possible effect of the administered drug will be to decreases the secretion of substances from the pituitary gland that cause growth.
The pit that marks the location of the umbilical cord after birth is known as the navel or belly button. All animals that grow placenta during fetal development will have a navel or belly button. The scientific name of the structure is the umbillicus. It can be a depression in some individuals or raised in others.
A carbohydrate composed of two covalently bonded simple sugars is called a <u>disaccharide</u>.
Carbohydrates or sugars are one of the four main categories of the macromolecules that make up living things (the other three being nucleic acids, proteins and lipids). It can either be a simple sugar (sugar monomer or monosaccharide) or a polymer of simple sugars.
Carbohydrates are composed entirely of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Simple sugars or monosaccharides contain six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. When two monosaccharides bond covalently, they form a disaccharide.
Some examples of disaccharides include:
- Sucrose or table sugar - It is made up of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule
- Lactose or milk sugar - It is made up of one glucose and one galactose molecule
- Maltose or malt sugar - It is made up of two glucose molecules.
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The technique makes reference to a vector-based gene therapy in which the expression for a gene associated with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA) is restored.
<h3>What is gene therapy?</h3>
Gene therapy refers to the genetic engineering methodologies to correct the defective expression of certain genes.
Gene therapy is divided into methods that use viral vectors to incorporate the defective nucleic acid (in this case lentiviral vector) or non-based vectors (e.g. polysomes or polycations).
In conclusion, the technique is a vector-based gene therapy to restore Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA).
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