Answer and Explanation
The normal microbiota that harbouring an R plasmid will transmit its R plasmid to the normal microbiota because the normal microbiota does not have R plasmid after transmission of R plasmid its increases the resistance capacity of normal microbiota. This is the significance of normal microbiota that harbours an R PLASMID.
The answer is D because the layers all the way at the bottom had to be there for other layers to be built on top
Denaturing. This step occurs at around 95C. This causes the double strand Helix to spectate