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Bond [772]
3 years ago
6

What does HMI stand for and why is it important in the field of robotics

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Rudik [331]3 years ago
5 0

A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is a graphic terminal that allows the robot operator to control, monitor, and collect data from the robot system.

(https://www.robots.com/faq/what-is-a-hmi)

You might be interested in
What does altgr mean on a keyboard.
Setler [38]
AltGr (also Alt Graph) is a modifier key found on many computer keyboards (rather than a second Alt key found on US keyboards). It is primarily used to type characters that are not widely used in the territory where sold, such as foreign currency symbols, typographic marks and accented letters.
8 0
2 years ago
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Which of the following is NOT a long-term storage device?
neonofarm [45]

The storage device which is not a long-term storage device is: D. RAM.

<h3>Types of computer memory.</h3>

In Computer technology, there are two (2) main types of memory or storage location for software program (application) that are being used on a computer and these include the following;

  1. Read only memory (ROM)
  2. Random access memory (RAM)

<h3>What is RAM?</h3>

RAM is an abbreviation for random access memory and it can be defined as a volatile and temporary storage (memory) location that is used for currently opened software program (application) and computer data.

In conclusion, we can reasonably and logically deduce that the storage device which is not a long-term storage device is random access memory (RAM).

Read more on RAM here: brainly.com/question/13748829

#SPJ1

3 0
1 year ago
1. Ce este o baza de date? (1p)
lesya [120]

Answer:

would you mind telling me what this says im still learning my spanish

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
public class Questions { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.print("Here "); System.out.println("There " "Everyw
In-s [12.5K]

Answer:

The output of this code can be given as follows:

Output:

Here There Everywhere

But notin Texas

Explanation:

In the give java code a class "Questions" is defined inside this class the main method is defined in the main method we use three print function that can be described as follows:

  • In the first print function, we print the message that is "Here".
  • In the second and third print function, we use println that print data or message in the next line that is "There Everywhere" and in the next line  "But not" and "in Texas".
6 0
3 years ago
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