Relatively small, Nonpolar molecules, molecules that do not posses an electrical charge can easily pass through the cell membrane unaided. Without the need of channel and or carrier proteins, basically transport proteins.
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Can you provide a picture maybe? The tail-like structure is a flagella if that's what you're asking, but many bacteria have that. I'm guessing flagellum off of what's provided, but I'm not sure without an an image.
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Large quantities of water molecules constantly move across cell membranes by simple diffusion, often facilitated by movement through membrane proteins, including aquaporins. In general, net movement of water into or out of cells is negligible. For example, it has been estimated that an amount of water equivalent to roughly 100 times the volume of the cell diffuses across the red blood cell membrane every second; the cell doesn't lose or gain water because equal amounts go in and out. There are, however, many cases in which net flow of water occurs across cell membranes and sheets of cells. An example of great importance to you is the secretion of and absorption of water in your small intestine. In such situations, water still moves across membranes by simple diffusion, but the process is important enough to warrant a distinct name - osmosis.
The expirement is saying show the circle of water
1.the water mocules move apart so it is a gas
2. when the water mocules build up in the cloud and the water relese
3. the rain freezes then meltes and starts all over to 1