Answer:
macroevolution
Evolution that occurs over a long period of time is called macroevolution. It might take place over millions of years. This scale of evolution occurs above the level of the species.
Answer: Succinate dehydrogenase
Explanation: succinate dehydrogenase or Complex II or succinate-coenzyme Q reductase is an enzyme complex involved in citric acidic cycle, bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammalian mitochondria and cell membrane of many bacterial cells. It is the only enzyme that participates in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol, reaction occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane by coupling the two reactions together.
Answer:
Human impact on coral reefs is significant. ... Damaging activities include coral mining, pollution (organic and non-organic), overfishing, blast fishing, the digging of canals and access into islands and bays. Other dangers include disease, destructive fishing practices and warming oceans.Factors that affect coral reefs include the ocean's role as a carbon dioxide sink, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet light, ocean acidification, viruses, impacts of dust storms carrying agents to far-flung reefs, pollutants, algal blooms and others. Reefs are threatened well beyond coastal areas. Climate change, such as warming temperatures, causes coral bleaching, which if severe kills the coral.
In 2008, a worldwide study estimated that 19% of the existing area of coral reefs has already been lost, and that a further 17% is likely to be lost over the subsequent 10–20 years.[3] Only 46% of the world's reefs could be currently regarded as in good health [3] and about 60% of the world's reefs may be at risk due to destructive, human-related activities. The threat to the health of reefs is particularly strong in Southeast Asia, where 80% of reefs are endangered. By the 2030s, 90% of reefs are expected to be at risk from both human activities and climate change; by 2050, it is predicted that all coral reefs will be in danger.
Gene flow does not promote speciation, whereas season of fertility, natural selection, and genetic drift do.
Explanation:
sorry, I may use old terms; I believe it is at the hypothalamus, for endocrine system...
