Two basic functions of meiosis are to halve the genetic content of an organism, and to reshuffle that genetic content to create genetic diversity.
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I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option A. When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA. Corresponding genes on non-sister chromatids are exchanged at chiasmata. Hope this answers the question.
If a substitution changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it's called a NONSENSE mutation. frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense (hint: deletion or insertion will always be frameshift). Sickel cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule.
