Radiation is the mechanism of heat transfer by which heat travel in a straight line at the speed of light, allowing heat to travel through vacuums and air spaces.
Radiation in physics is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or matter medium. This includes:
- Electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays (γ)
- Particle radiation beams such as alpha rays (α), beta rays (β), proton rays, and neutron rays (with static energy non-zero particles)
- Acoustic Radiation such as ultrasound, sound waves, seismic waves (due to physical transmission media)
- Gravitational radiation in the form of gravitational waves, or waves of curvature of space-time
Radiation is often classified as either ionizing or non-ionizing, depending on the energy of the particles it hits.
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Answer: A. Dimerization (1), DNA binding (4), cAMP binding (3
Explanation:
<u>Answer:</u>
Approximately, the oldest stromatolites are 3.6 billion years old on earth.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Stromatolites is not only oldest earths fossil but conspiracy in that they are singular visual portal in deep time on earth.
- It is defined as laminated accumulation structure that is they stick up above sea floor .
- Stromatolite buildings includes oldest fossils which are 3.5 billions old when the earth were too unfriendly to support life.
- The study of fossil age, evolutionary, method of formation are known as paleontology.
- These specimens are considered as old fossils which are around 3.4 to 4.1 billions years old.
Cavalier-Smith's model no longer separates prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the statement which differs from kingdom classification.
Explanation:
Cavalier-Smith in 1998 had reduced the kingdom numbers. The were brought down from 8 to 6. These are:
Animalia
Protozoa
fungi
plantae
chromista
bacteria
He divided eukaryotes into 6 kingdoms. The kingdoms are refined for better classification.
While Carolus Linnaeus divided the organisms into two kingdoms
Animalia and plantae.
The five kingdom classification:
Monera (prpkaryotes)
Protista ( unicellular eukaryotes)
fungi (multicellular decomposers)
plantae (multicellular producers)
Animalia (multicellular consumers)
It has drawbacks like in kingdom monera both autotrophs and heterotrophs are included. Phylogeny is not explained in lower organisms of monera and protista. Virus is also in classification. Cavalier-Smith introduced a new kingdom called chromista which are single- celled or multicellular eukaryotic organisms as diatoms, algae, oomycetes and protozoans which perform photosynthesis.
