Answer:
e. Red segregated from brown in meiosis I, and straight segregated from curled in meiosis I.
Explanation:
A cross between two flies heterozygous for both genes produced an offspring with the phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. This ratio is expected according to Mendel's law of independent assortment, which states that alleles of the same gene assort independently during gamete formation.
Before meiosis starts in flies, a single diploid cell duplicates its DNA, so each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids that contain the same information.
- During meiosis I, <u>the homologous chromosomes separate</u> into two daughter cells. The chromosome number is reduced by half, but each chromosome has two sister chromatids.
- During meiosis II, <u>the sister chromatids separate</u> and each daughter cell from meiosis I divides into two new daughter cells (to get the total of 4 haploid cells).
In a heterozygous fly, each homologous chromosome contains a different allele, and the sister chromatids are copies that carry the same allele. For that reason, both traits were segregated during meiosis I.
Because of its ability to form large complex and diverse molecules
Invertebrates are known as creatures that do not have backbones. Even though these creatures do not have backbones, they have been uniquely designed in order to survive. According to studies, most of these creatures are found in the sea and one of them is the Star Fish or also called as the Sea Star. Starfish's functions and ability to survive is not the same like other animals which make them unique in a different way. The starfish's body is hard and bony for protection purposes and they exist in a variety of colors for camouflage. Their essential functions in order to survive are as follows:
-The Ability to Regenerate: Starfishes have the ability to grow damaged and lost limbs or even their entire body as long as the center part is still present and intact. And this is their way of reproduction as well.
-Having Tube Feet: Its arms are covered with a suction-like tiny cups of tube feet. This unique design of the starfishes enables them to move and secure themselves, especially on rocks and ocean floors.
-Unique Feeding Ability: Sea Stars don't have mouths nor teeth to ingest food. Rather, these creatures have the ability to push open or turn their stomachs out and digest its food. After digestion, their stomachs retract back to their bodies.
-Vascular System: How starfishes survive does not rely on having hearts, brains and blood. Rather, they use the seawater. The seawater serves as the one the circulates inside the sea stars' bodies and this is when nutrients and oxygen are being transported and absorbed.
Answer:
Choosing protein as macromolecule.
Explanation:
The given environmental changes can lead to structural changes in protein as well:
pH - Several amino acids contain sidechains with practical gatherings that can promptly pick up or lose a proton. Changes in pH would prompt an adjustment in the charge of the amino acids, prompting charge-charge attraction or repilsion between non-interfacing amino parts.
Temperature - High temperatures can prompt protein denaturation. Warmth can upset hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Reduction or oxidation Environment - Some tertiary structure of protein folding is held by disulfide linkages. Reducing agent will lead to unfolding by introducing itself to break disulfide bonds.
Effect of these change: Sequence of amino acid and structure of protein molecule form determines function, any slight change to a protein's structure may result in the protein to become dysfunctional or produce different product.
