Émile Durkheim believed that deviance is a necessary part of a successful society. One way deviance is functional, he argued, is that it challenges people’s present views (1893). For instance, when black students across the United States participated in sit-ins during the civil rights movement, they challenged society’s notions of segregation. Moreover, Durkheim noted, when deviance is punished, it reaffirms currently held social norms, which also contributes to society (1893). Seeing a student given detention for skipping class reminds other high schoolers that playing hooky isn’t allowed and that they, too, could get detention.
Durkheim argued that deviance is somehow crucial in maintaining social stability. He suggested four particular things for which deviance is a vital.
1) Affirmation of cultural values and norms : He states that when people get punished for their deviance behavior it indicates to others what values and norms are acceptable within society. When a person is sent to prison enforces the idea that culturally stealing isn't acceptable. It defines a line on what is a norm and what isn't.
2)Clear definition of what is right and wrong: Punishment of a deviant behavior makes it clear to everyone which behavior they should pursue and which they should pursue. They also know clearly what is tolerable and what isn't
3) Unification of others in society: Grief and shock according to Durkheim can bring people together as they console each other and assist each other get through tough situations.
4) Promoting social change: it can even affect dominant society in evaluating what ither norms and values are there .
Urban district has been defined as mentioned in the question. Distance has been set to standardize and distinguish between city, village, state and other human occupied places
I believe the answer is: that will increase their well-being.
during the process, people would weight in the magnitude of benefit that they would obtain from doing a certain action compared to the expense and opportunities they need to sacrifice to obtain it. If the benefit is larger than the sacrifice, then people would see their action to be rational or purposeful
