<h2>Answer and Explanation </h2>
The cell respiration is a process in which the sugar molecules in the human body are broken into a form of energy which can be utilized by the cell. The cell respiration is needed to build up the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then it releases waste products from the cell. For this biochemical process, the cell uses oxygen hence, this process is also called aerobic respiration.
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that occurs when cells grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. While going through the cell cycle, cells that are not properly produced commit apoptosis, which is controlled cell death. If a bad cell does not commit apoptosis, when it divides, the cell and its daughter cells will produces mutated genes, which will form a tumor.
Answer:
A) incomplete dominance.
Explanation:
It is a clear case of incomplete dominance. This kind of inheritance shows deviation from Mendel's popular law of genetics which is known as "Law of Dominance". This law states that when two pure breeding parents i.e. homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive are mated then all their off-springs are genotypically heterozygous but phenotypically they all show dominant trait. But in incomplete dominance, <u>the dominant allele is unable to mask the expression of recessive allele completely</u> which leads to a phenotype which is a blend of both the traits.
In the example, orange beak is unable to mask the expression of ivory beak completely as a result of which all the off-springs have an intermediate trait which is pale, ivory-orange beak.
Layer A id the mantle and Layer B is the crust.