Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Answer:
Space probe
Explanation:
Probes send data back to earth for scientists to study. Sputnik 1 was tbe first probe to go into soace
<span>Answer: C. Time of ancient life.
Paleozoic comes from Greek word palaios which means "old" or "ancient", and zoe which means "life".
it could be translated as "</span>Time of ancient life". The range of Paleozoic era is from <span>541 to 251 million years ago that could be divided into 6 smaller periods.</span>
Skin is made of 3 layers
the top Layer that is exposed to air is the epydermis
the middle layer is the dermis
the lowest and largest layer is the HYPODERMIS. This is the innermost and farthest from the surface of the skin
Answer:
The identification of gaps from systematic reviews is essential to the practice of “evidence-based research.” Health care research should begin and end with a systematic review. A research gap may not be a research need if filling the gap would not be of use to stakeholders that make decisions in health care.
Explanation:
