Question

How energy from the sun becomes thermal energy on earth

Answer 1

Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation. Most of the electromagnetic radiation that comes to earth from the sun is in the form of visible light. Light is made of waves of different frequencies.  

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Answer 2

Thermal energy on earth is formed by heat, so solar thermal energy is when the suns rays heat up the water, vaporizing it and turning it to steam. in which the steam is then used to create mechanical energy in a turbine